1. 2024;27;415-424Comparison of the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Suprascapular Nerve Blocks and Intraarticular Corticosteroid Injections for Frozen Shoulder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
   Randomized Controlled Trial
   Yu-Ting Lin, MD, Ying-Chen Kuo, MD, Xin-Ni Wu, MD, Ya-Fang Liu, PhD, and Lin-Fen Hsieh, MD.

BACKGROUND: The current mainstream treatment for frozen shoulder is a combination of physiotherapy and intraarticular corticosteroid injections (IACIs). Recently, the ultrasound-guided suprascapular nerve block (SSNB) has developed as a notable alternative option to the mainstream treatment.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare ultrasound-guided SSNBs’ effectiveness to IACIs’ as treatments for frozen shoulder.

STUDY DESIGN: This study was conducted as a prospective single-blind, randomized controlled trial.

SETTING: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, a medical center in Taipei, Taiwan.

METHODS: Patients with frozen shoulder (n = 76) were enrolled as participants and allocated to either an SSNB group (n = 38) or an IACI group (n = 38). Both groups received 2 injections of 20 mg of triamcinolone and 3 mL of 1% lidocaine at 2-week intervals and underwent the same physiotherapy protocol for 3 months. The primary outcome measure was the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). The secondary outcome measures were the Shoulder Disability Questionnaire (SDQ), the active and passive range of motion (ROM) of each patient’s affected shoulder, and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Evaluations were performed at baseline and at 4 and 12 weeks after starting treatment.

RESULTS: Both groups achieved significant improvements in all outcome measures, except the general health subscale of the SF-36 at 4 and 12 weeks after starting treatment. For time and group interaction, the results for the SDQ (P = .047) and SF-36 (bodily pain, P = .025) indicated significant differences that favored IACIs. Additionally, the IACI group achieved more favorable outcomes than did the SSNB group on the SPADI (P = .094) and in ROM (i.e., abduction [P = .190] and external rotation [P = .081]) as well as on 2 subscales of the SF-36: bodily pain (P = .059) and role-emotional (P = .072).

LIMITATIONS: Our study is limited by the lack of participant stratification based on the stages of frozen shoulder and the 12-week follow-up period.

CONCLUSIONS: A combination of ultrasound-guided IACIs and physiotherapy should be attempted first as a frozen shoulder treatment.

KEY WORDS: Frozen shoulder, adhesive capsulitis, shoulder pain, intraarticular corticosteroid injection, suprascapular nerve block, ultrasound-guided intervention, physiotherapy, pain management